Updates on Compact Nursing Nationwide and How to Apply for a Compact License

Updates on Compact Nursing Nationwide and How to Apply for a Compact License

Compact Licensure Expands Opportunities for Nurses

The Enhanced Nurse Licensure Compact (eNLC) is a game-changer for nurses seeking flexibility and expanded access to job opportunities. The eNLC is governed by the Interstate Commission of Nurse License Compact Administrators (ICNLCA), which is made up of representatives and administrators from each participating state and territory.

eNLC is a multistate license that allows registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical/vocational nurses (LPN/LVNs) to work across multiple states without needing separate licenses for each one. By eliminating the need to apply for and maintain a license in each state, nurses can start to work quickly and avoid application fees. This is especially advantageous for travel nurses, who must navigate documentation and application fees each time they start work in a new state.

Currently, 43 states and territories have joined the compact, with 38 fully implementing it. Now, six more states are considering joining, signaling a potential shift that could make it even easier for nurses to practice nationwide. Here’s a look at the latest updates on compact states, pending legislation and what’s next for the eNLC.

The Current Compact States

As of this writing, 43 U.S. states or territories are part of the eNLC. This multistate license, also called a compact license, can be used by RNs or LPN/LVNs.

Of the 43, though, only 38 states have fully implemented it. They are:

Alabama

Maine

Rhode Island

Arizona

Maryland

South Carolina

Arkansas

Mississippi

South Dakota

Colorado

Missouri

Tennessee

Delaware

Montana

Texas

Florida

Nebraska

Utah

Georgia

New Hampshire

Vermont

Idaho

New Jersey

Virginia

Indiana

New Mexico

Washington

Iowa

North Carolina

West Virginia

Kansas

North Dakota

Wisconsin

Kentucky

Ohio

Wyoming

Louisiana

Oklahoma

 

Connecticut signed the NLC into law on May 30, 2024. However, it doesn’t go into effect until October 1, 2025. Additionally, the state must undergo an implementation process which can take up to two years.

Massachusetts signed the NLC into law on November 20, 2024. Unlike Connecticut, Massachusetts expects the implementation period to take just 12 months. However, the implementation start date has not been finalized.

Pennsylvania signed the NLC into law on July 1, 2021. Like the above states, the implementation period has not yet begun. Nurses holding an active multistate license from another state are allowed to practice in Pennsylvania. However, those residing in Pennsylvania can’t apply for a compact license until the state has completed the implementation process.

Additionally, there are two U.S. territories that are part of the eNLC. This means that if you’re a nurse with a compact license, you can work in the above 41 states and the two territories below.

Guam signed the NLC into law on March 5, 2021, becoming the first U.S. territory to join the eNLC. Currently, those with a compact license from other states can practice in Guam, but they can’t obtain a multi-state license until the territory fully implements the eNLC.

The U.S. Virgin Islands is the only other territory that has enacted the NLC into law, which took place on December 6, 2021. However, there has been no update on the implementation period yet.

Until the implementation process is completed, those who want to practice in Connecticut, Massachusetts, or the U.S. Virgin Islands need to obtain an endorsement from the respective state/ territory to practice there.

Pending Legislation Compact States

As of March 2025, there are five states and a territory that have pending legislation to join the eNLC.

  • Hawaii: The Aloha state introduced House Bill 897 on January 21, 2025. It was referred to the House Committees two days later.
  • Illinois: House Bill 1706 was introduced on January 24, 2025. The Health Care Licenses Committee will hear this bill in Spring 2025.
  • Nevada: Senate Bill 34 was debuted on November 15, 2024. The bill was read for the first time at the beginning of February. This bill would also enact the Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact, the PA Licensure Compact, the Physical Therapy Licensure Compact and the Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact.
  • New York: The Empire State has multiple bills relating to enacting the NLC and budgets corresponding to it. These include Assembly 03007, Senate Bill 03007 and Senate Bill S3916.
  • Oregon: On January 30, 2025, Senate Bill 966 was introduced and read on January 30, 2025. It has since been referred to the Senate Committee on Health Care.
  • Washington D.C.: The Nation’s Capital currently has Council Bill 26-0069, which would allow the District of Columbia to join the eNLC. The bill was referred to the Committee on Health and the Committee of the Whole on February 4, 2025.

Remaining States and Territories

Four states and two U.S. territories currently have no pending legislation regarding compact licenses. This group includes Alaska, California, Michigan, Minnesota, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, all four states without pending legislation have had such legislation previously. Although Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, it is not part of the NCSBN, making it ineligible to be a compact territory.

Picture of compact license states in US for nurses

Map of each U.S. state and territory’s compact licensure status (March 2025)

How To Apply For A Compact License

In total, there are 11 requirements to obtain a compact license:

  1. Primary state of residence is a state in the eNLC
  2. Graduated from an approved education program
  3. Has passed an English proficiency exam (mainly for international students)
  4. Passed the NCLAX-RN® or NCLEX-PN®
  5. Has an active license
  6. Completed a federal fingerprint-based criminal background check
  7. NOT been convicted of a felony offense or found guilty of one
  8. Does NOT have a misdemeanor conviction related to nursing
  9. Is NOT currently in an alternative program
  10. Self-disclosure of current participation in an alternative program
  11. Has a valid U.S. Social Security number

 

Once you obtain all your required documentation (current license, Social Security number, transcripts, etc.), you can apply for a compact license, pay the applicable fees and once approved, you will have your compact license.

Non-compact license process

The process of receiving your nursing license for just a singular state is similar to the compact state process. However, this process and the time it takes to receive your license can vary from state to state.

For example, some states will grant a temporary license to nurses awaiting the results of their NCLEX exam. Others will wait and only issue a license once they know you’ve passed the exam. Typically, it can take between 2 and 12 weeks to receive your license.

States that are usually on the shorter end include Alabama, Illinois, Kansas and West Virginia. Other states though like Alaska, California, New Jersey and Rhode Island can take closer to that 12-week mark, if not longer.

Walk-through states

A walk-through state allows nurses to obtain a temporary license to work in a state where they currently don’t have a license. These are called walk-through states as a nurse can literally walk into the state and be given a temporary license. These allow nurses to receive a license in potentially just a few hours, with the license being valid for anywhere between 30 days and six months.

As of this writing, there are five walk-through states: Arizona, Idaho, Louisiana, Missouri and South Carolina. Those who want to obtain a travel assignment in one of these states and don’t have time to go through the compact licensure process can easily be granted a temporary license in any of these states by visiting the respective state’s board of nursing.

The Future of Compact Nursing Licensure

The eNLC continues to transform the healthcare landscape, providing nurses with greater mobility and career opportunities across the country. With more states considering joining the compact, the future of nursing appears increasingly flexible and interconnected. As legislation evolves and more regions adopt the eNLC, nurses can anticipate streamlined licensing processes, fewer barriers to practice, and expanded access to job opportunities nationwide. Whether you’re a travel nurse or exploring new possibilities, keeping up with the latest compact updates can help you maintain an edge in your nursing career.

Picture of Emily Molinari.

Emily Molinari

Nursing Operations

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Healthcare organizations face some of the toughest workforce challenges: tight budgets, lean IT teams and limited tools for sourcing, hiring and onboarding staff. Add in manual scheduling, rising labor costs and high burnout, and the pressure grows. Rolling out complex systems can feel out of reach without dedicated tech support. Even simply evaluating new technology can overwhelm already stretched-thin teams.

These challenges make it clear that technology isn’t just helpful; it’s essential for healthcare organizations. Especially when they’re striving to do more with less. Not only are healthcare organizations falling short on implementing new technology, but they’re struggling to update outdated systems. A 2023 CHIME survey found that nearly 60% of hospitals use core IT systems, such as EHRs and workforce platforms, that are over a decade old. Outdated tools can’t integrate or scale, creating barriers to smarter staffing strategies. But the opportunity to modernize is real and urgent.

Tech in Patient Care Falls Short

In healthcare, technology has historically focused on clinical and patient care. Workforce management tools have taken a back seat to updating patient care systems. Yet many big tech companies have failed when it comes to customizing healthcare infrastructure and connecting patients with providers. Google Health shuttered after only three years, and Amazon’s Haven Health was intended to disrupt healthcare and health insurance but disbanded three years later.

Why the failures? It’s estimated that nearly 80% of patient data technology systems must use to create alignment is unstructured and trapped in data silos. Integration issues naturally form when there’s a lack of cohesive data that systems can share and use. Privacy considerations surrounding patient data are a challenge, as well. Across the healthcare continuum, federal and state healthcare data laws hinder how seamlessly technology can integrate with existing systems.

Why Smarter Staffing Is Now Essential

These data and integration challenges also hinder a healthcare organization’s ability to hire and deploy staff, an urgent healthcare priority. The U.S. will face a shortfall of over 3.2 million healthcare workers by 2026. At the same time, aging populations and rising chronic conditions are straining teams already stretched thin.

Smart workforce technology is becoming not just helpful, but essential. It allows organizations to move from reactive staffing to proactive workforce planning that can adapt to real-world care demands.

Global Inspiration: Japan’s AI-Driven Workforce Model

Healthcare staffing shortages aren’t just a U.S. problem. So, how are other countries addressing this issue? Countries like Japan are demonstrating what’s possible when technology is utilized not just to supplement staff, but to transform the entire workforce model. With one of the world’s oldest populations and a significant clinician shortage, Japan has adopted a proactive approach through its Healthcare AI and Robotics Center, where several institutions like Waseda University and Tokyo’s Cancer Institute Hospital are focusing on developing AI-powered hospitals.

Japan’s focus on integrating predictive analytics, robotics and data-driven scheduling across elder care and hospital systems is a response to its aging population and workforce shortages. From robotic assistants to AI-supported shift planning, Japan’s futuristic model proves that holistic tech integration, not piecemeal upgrades, creates sustainable staffing frameworks.

Rather than treating workforce tech as an IT patch for broken systems, Japan’s approach embeds these tools throughout care operations, supporting scheduling, monitoring, compliance and even direct caregiving tasks. U.S. health systems can draw critical lessons here: strategic investment in integrated platforms builds resilience, especially in a labor-constrained future.

The Power of Smart Workforce Technology

In the U.S., workforce management is becoming increasingly seen as more than a back-office function; it’s a strategic business operation directly impacting clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Smart technology tools are designed to improve care quality, staff satisfaction, scheduling, pay rates, compliance and much more.

For example, by using historical data, patient acuity, seasonal trends and other data points, organizations can predict their staff needs more accurately. The result is fewer gaps in scheduling, fewer overtime payouts and a flexible schedule for staff. AI-powered analytics can help healthcare leadership teams spot patterns in absenteeism, see productivity and forecast needs in multiple clinical areas in real-time. Workforce management tools can help plan scheduling proactively, rather than reactively. It’s a proven technology tool that can help drive efficiency and reduce costs.

Why So Many Are Still Behind

Despite the clear benefits, many healthcare organizations are slow to adopt smart tools that empower their workforce. Several things are holding them back from going all-in on technology:

Financial Pressures

Over half of U.S. hospitals are operating at or below break-even margins. For them, investing in new technology solutions is financially unfeasible. Scalable, subscription-based and even free workforce management tools are available, but most organizations are unaware of or lack the resources to source these products. Workforce management tools can deliver long-term return on investment for most organizations. Taking the time to understand where the value lies and which tools to invest in needs to happen.

Outdated Core Systems

Many facilities still depend on legacy technology infrastructure that lacks real-time capabilities. Many large players in the healthcare workforce management industry dominate hospital systems. Other smaller, real-time tools that offer innovative solutions to scheduling, workforce hiring, rate calculators and more are available at a fraction of the cost.

Competing Priorities and Strategic Blind Spots

Healthcare organizations and hospitals have many high-priority business objectives and regulatory demands. Digital transformation naturally falls down on the priority list, which causes them to miss improvements that can lead to long-term stability. With patient care and provider satisfaction at the top of the priority mountain, technology changes can be easily missed or shoved to the side when other business objectives are perceived to “move the needle” more.

Poor Change Management

Even the best technology efforts can fail without the right strategy for adoption and support from senior leadership. Resistance from staff, lack of training, or poor rollout communication can undermine success. Effective change management—clear leadership, role-based training and feedback loops—is essential.

Faster than the speed of technology

Change needs to come quickly to healthcare organizations in terms of managing their workforce efficiently. Smart technologies like predictive analytics, AI-assisted scheduling and mobile platforms will define this next era. These tools don’t just optimize operations but empower workers and elevate care quality.

Slow technology adoption continues to hold back the full potential of the healthcare ecosystem. Japan again offers a clear example: they had one of the slowest adoption rates of remote workers (19% of companies offered remote work) in 2019. Within just three weeks of the crisis, their remote work population doubled (49%), proving that technological transformation can happen fast when urgency strikes. The lesson is clear: healthcare organizations need to modernize faster for the sake of their workforce and the patients who rely on providers to deliver care.

 

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